Best Wood for Laser Engraving: Choosing What’s Right for Your Next Project
Whether you are dabbling in laser engraving as a hobby or making an income selling your creations, it is an exciting time to own a laser machine. Laser engravers are powerful tools that can help you fashion wood to craft many items, such as home decor, jewelry, signs, cutting boards, and furniture, to name a few. Wood's natural beauty and wide range of variety make it an ideal material for your next laser engraving project.
What is the best wood for laser engraving? It can be tricky to answer the question, as the ideal choice depends on your specific project. There is no one-size-fits-all option for choosing the best wood for laser engraving and cutting. The wood types you can choose from are numerous, and the best material for one project could be unsatisfactory for another.
This guide will explore various wood types suitable for laser engraving and their differences and help you select the perfect one. Let's dive in!
Common Types of Wood for Laser Engraving
With the wide variety of available wood species, choosing just one for a particular project can seem overwhelming. However, some popular options can be a great starting point when researching the best wood for laser engraving.
- Alder: A popular wood for laser engraving, alder wood is a hardwood that is light in color and has minor streaking. Due to the coloration and pliable nature of alder wood, laser beams create a dark etch on the material, delivering designs with high contrast.
- Poplar: Like alder, poplar wood is a hardwood that you can cut quickly at a low power level. Poplar's wood grain is uniform, lending itself to more even etching and making it easy to engrave.
- Cherry: Cherry is a hardwood. Based on specs alone, cherry wood would seem like a bad choice in wood for laser cutting. It has both elevated streaking and typically a reddish-brown hue with high resin content. However, the beauty of engraved cherry wood and its ease of use make it an extremely popular wood amongst laser enthusiasts, especially for furniture and cabinets.
- Maple: Maple wood is a hardwood with light coloring that produces a dark burn. Although maple is generally more challenging to work with than softwoods, the payoff is excellent as it lends itself to intricate details and finishes gorgeously. Maple is considered by many to be the best wood for laser engraving photos.
- Pine: Pine wood is a softwood derived from pine trees. It's known for its light color, straight grain, and relatively low cost.
- Cedar: Cedar is a generic term for several tree species belonging to the genus Cedrus. It's a popular type of softwood known for its distinct aroma, durability, and resistance to decay.
- Plywood: When choosing plywood for laser cutting, you should know that not all plywood is created the same. Good quality plywood contains layers of birch veneer pressed together with adhesive. It is perfect for beginners due to its workability and reliability.
Softwood VS. Hardwood
There are mainly two types of wood as mentioned above, softwood and hardwood. Here are the differences between them:
Cell Structure
- Hardwood: Contains visible pores or vessels for transporting water and nutrients, resulting in a varied appearance under a microscope.
- Softwood: Lacks visible pores. Water is transported through vertical tracheids and radial rays, which do not have visible pores.
Strength and Density
- Hardwood: Generally stronger and denser due to slower growth and complex cellular structure, leading to greater strength and durability.
- Softwood: Usually less dense with a more straightforward cellular structure, resulting in lower strength than hardwoods.
Appearance
- Hardwood: Exhibits a more prominent grain pattern due to visible pores and tends to be darker in color.
- Softwood: Has a softer, less pronounced grain pattern and is often lighter in color.
Usage and Applications
- Hardwood: Preferred for high-quality furniture, flooring, cabinetry, and decorative items due to strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal.
- Softwood: Widely used in construction, outdoor projects, paper production, and structural lumber due to its abundance and ease of processing.
Advantages of Choosing Hardwood for Laser Engraving
High-quality and luxurious engravings
Hardwood's dense and intricate grain patterns make it ideal for laser engraving, providing stunning contrast and depth in designs. The natural variations in texture and color enhance the visual appeal, resulting in sophisticated and luxurious engravings.
Durable and resistant to damage
Hardwoods such as walnut, cherry, oak, and maple are renowned for their durability. Laser-engraved hardwood surfaces resist scratches, dings, and abrasion, preserving their pristine look over time.
Versatile options for different projects
Hardwood offers diverse options for laser engraving projects due to the variety of species and finishes available. Whether for personalized gifts, decorative signage, custom furniture, or artistic pieces, there is a hardwood to match any aesthetic and functional need.
Advantages of Choosing Softwood for Laser Engraving
Option for large-scale projects
Softwood is typically more cost-effective than hardwood, making it a budget-friendly option for large-scale laser engraving projects. It's suitable for businesses and individuals working on projects with budget constraints.
Reduced wear on tools
The softer nature of softwood means that laser engraving tools experience less wear and tear. This increases the longevity of the tools and decreases the need for frequent upkeep and replacements.
Faster cutting and engraving speeds
Softwood's lower density and simpler cellular structure allow laser engraving machines to cut and engrave at faster speeds compared to hardwood. This means quicker completion times for projects.
How To Choose the Best Wood for Laser Engraving
After understanding the differences of various types of wood, it is critical to consider the attributes needed for your particular handicraft.
Check the Resin Content and Understand How It Impacts Outcome
The resin content of a wood species has a significant impact on the end product. The resin content refers to the density of the sap contained within the wood. A laser beam burns resin, creating a dark etch that produces high contrast, especially on lighter-colored woods. If you desire a striking image, a higher resin content is the way to go. However, many designs require a more subtle effect with lighter contrast. A wood species with a low resin content would be optimal for these applications.
Be Aware of Different Wood Properties
Aside from resin content, there are other wood properties that you should consider when choosing a wood type for your project:
- Moisture Level: Dry wood is much more susceptible to undesirable burning and charring. Burnt designs are much less striking and can look unprofessional. An excellent way to prevent charred materials is by soaking the wood in water before engraving. Adding moisture to wood keeps it cool and makes the introduction of the laser less extreme.
- Knots and Rings: Growth rings and knots have an aesthetic impact on the end product of any wood engraving project. Whether or not this aesthetic is pleasing to the eye depends entirely on the project itself. However, because knots and rings affect the texture of the wood, they can also make etching slightly more difficult. Unless you want your design to include these elements, choosing wood without them is probably your best bet.
- Harvest Season: During winter, trees prepare for their cold-weather dormancy by routing the sap to the bottom of their trunks. In the spring, the resin circulates throughout the rest of the tree to distribute much-needed nutrients. For this reason, wood harvested during the winter tends to have a lower resin content than wood harvested in the spring. Even if you have engraved a certain wood several times, it is wise to test a small section to see how dark the etching will be.
Choose Lighter Wood Instead of Darker Wood
The shade of wood you select will likely have the most significant impact on how your laser project will look after engraving. Lighter-colored woods deliver a much darker, vivid contrast when etched.
Alternatively, darker woods, even those with a high resin content, tend to produce images that appear more inconspicuous and ill-defined. If your graphic is considerably detailed or contains a logo or text, it may also be difficult to see on darker wood.
Minimize Using Wood With Streaking When Possible
Streaking occurs when a wood grain's alternating colors are vastly different. A heavy-streaking wood will have a noticeable striping effect, with the stripes being very close together. For finished furniture, this can result in a beautiful piece that will be treasured and passed down through generations. However, streaking does not usually produce the preferred result when etching wood.
If you are engraving a photograph or any design requiring clear definition, heavy streaking will obscure the image and confuse the eye. With the lines from the etching and the stripes from the streaking, it can be challenging to identify any specific pattern.
Be Mindful of How Thick the Wood Piece Is
Along with the resin content and wood density, the thickness of a piece of wood will directly influence your engraver's settings. You want to avoid making multiple passes on a thicker piece of wood. You will reduce clarity and create a messy cut by repeatedly going over the same design. Ideally, you want your engraving machine settings to allow you to make a single pass to produce a precise, clean etching. While some machines can engrave wood up to 1/2" thick, 1/4" thickness is the ideal measurement when etching wood.
Invest in a High-Quality Laser Engraving Machine for Your Craft
OMTech's quality laser engravers and laser cutters are perfect for users of all experience levels and project applications. The best option for cutting and engraving wood is a CO2 laser machine. OMTech offers a wide range of CO2 laser machines to suit various project needs, from home hobbies to business applications.
View our extensive product line today to see how OMTech can help you on your laser engraving journey!
